in the muscular system muscles are organized as either the prime mover, antagonist and synergist in relation to a certain motion that is done. the prime mover is the muscle that is primarily responsible for a motion. the antagonist is the muscle that has to relax in order to allow that motion. the synergists are muscles that assist the prime mover in a certain motion. certain movements that produced are: Extension- make the angle btwn 2 bones smaller flexion- make the angle btwn 2 bones larger abduction- move a part of the body (usually a limb) away from the midline adduction- move a part of the body (usually a limb) closer to the midline Rotation- movement around a longitudinal axis supination-rotate face up pronation- rotate face dwn Dorsiflexion vs Plantarflextion- movement of ascending and descending the feet
Types of Muscles (Structure and Function)
Skeletal Muscle: attached to a bone or skin. all over the body, surrounded by connective tissue. striated. responsible for voluntary movement
Cardiac Muscle: found in the heart. made up on soft connective tissue. striated. involuntary muscle. pumps blood through the bloodstream
Smooth Muscle: arranged in sheets of layers. non-straited. involuntary. found in the stomach (urinary bladder and respiratory passges). squeeze things out of the stomach into intestinal passages. Muscle-made up of many myofibril Sacromere-contains actin and myosin protein Motor unit- uses fibers to attach to nerve cell Muscle contraction- nervous system send signal to nerve cell which goes through axon. The neurotransmitters Acetycholine- gets released through the synapse and the trigger the mucle to contract Sacromere- calcium helps form brideges between actin and myosin/ the pulling happens betweeen calcium and ATP Myosin heads have to turn and pull to release. ATP helps myosin reload Distance between z line come together.
Period 1, Group 6 A muscle is a contactile tissue of the body and provides movenment. Prime mover is the muscle that is mainlyy responsible for a certain motion. Antagonist are the muscles that relax to allow a moventment. Synergist assist the motion of the prime mover. The three primary functions of the muscle system are: movement, posture/muscle tone, and heat production. The three types of muscles are smooth,cardiac and skeletal.Smooth muscles have spindle shaped cells and a single nucleaus. It is involuntary and it pushes subsances throughout the body. It is arranged in sheets/layers. Skeletal muscle fiber is soft and fragile and striated.It is voluntary and often activated by reflexes. Cardiac is made out of soft connective tissue and striated. It is involuntary, mainly in the heart, and they punp blood. Muscle tissues are made up of muscle fibers. Muscle organization goes as follows: Muscle, muscle fibers, myofibril, sarcomere, actin and myosin. Each skeletal muscle fiber is filled with with very fine and thread like material known as thin myofilaments, that create the protein myosin. Thin filiments are composed of the actin. Sarcomere is the basic function of skeletal muscle. The point of contact between nerve ending and muscle fiber is a neuromuscular junction. Nervous system send signal through nerve cells, neurotransmitter is released from end of the axon into the synapse, acetylcholine triggers neuromuscular junction to contract. A single motor neuron is a motor unit.
*Prime mover- primarily responsible for a movement *Antagonist- relates *Synergist- assists prime mover *Flexion- angle between 2 bones, smaller *Extension- angle between 2 bones,larger *Adbuction- away from midline *Adduction- closer to midline *Notation- around the longitudinal axis *Spination- rotates face up *Pronation- rotates down *Dorsiflexion- toes toward face *Plantar flexion- toes away from face *Circumduction- make distale end of body move in circular motion
-skeletal - attach to the bone and skin, soft and fragile, voluntary and striated.
-Cariad Muscle- soft connective tissue only found in the heart; serves as a pump, pumps blood into vessels, involuntary.
-Smooth Muscle- Propels substances along a definite tract.
- Flexion of the arm (flexion makes the angle smaller) (pulls)protangonist- bicep (relaxes)antagonist- tricep
Organization of the muscle -muscle group -muscle fiber -myofibril -sarcomere
Sarcomere (the process of muscle contraction): -Calcium= calcium creates a bridge between the myosin and the actin. -ATP breaks the bond and provides it with energy which will allow it to continue the process. -The myosin pulls on trhe actin and then ATP helps the myosin unlocked and reload.
Motor Unit -Synapse- The gap between the muscle and the motor unit. -Motor Unit- A motor neuron and the muscle fiber it ennervates. The motor unit sends signals to the muscle telling it when to contract. - The Neuromuscular Junction is the space between the axon and the muscle.
Acetylcholine- Stored in the axon; travels to the synaptic cleft. -An abundance of Acetylcholine in the body will yield the muscles to contract more than usual and the mucles will become more fatigued.
Prime Mover- The muscle that is primarily responsible for a certain motion Antagonist- Muscle that needs to relax to allow motion Synergists- Assist motion of prime mover
Extention- Making angle between two bones larger Flexion- Making angle betweene two bones smaller Adduction- Moving closer to the midline Abduction- Moving away from the midline Supination- Rotate face uo Pronation- Rotate face down Synergist- Assist motion of prime mover Circumduction- Make distal end of body part move in a circle
Cardiac- Involuntary, webbed and pumps blood throughout heart Skeletal- Voluntary, Striated and pulls two things together Smooth-Involuntary, nonstriated and sends food through the digestive tract
The calcium locks the myosin and actin together to form a bridge. The myosin head pulls the actin and the ATP gives the energy it needs to unlock, reload and contract.
3 types of muscle: Cardiac muscle: Web like striated involuntary, only found inthe heart and has strong connetive tissue. Smooth Muscle: Found in the wall of visceral organs, involuntary, arranged in sheets and layers and functions like a toothpaste tube. Skeletal: voluntary striaded muscles attached to the bones and the skin to help move the body. linear contraction.
The muscles are able to contract witht he prime mover and an antagonist which relaxes to allow motion. there can also be a synergist which helps the prime mover maintan motion.
Types of motion -flexion: makes the angle of two bones smaller. -Extension: Make the angle larger. -Abduction: movement of the body away from the midline. -Adduction: Bring the movemnt closer to the midline -Rotation: Movement along the longitudinal Axis. ex: neck and waist. -Supination: Rotating upward -Pronation: Rotating Downward (wrist) -Dorsiflexion: Toes curl up -Plantarflexion: Toes curl down -Circuducion: Distal part of the body rotates.
Muscle Fiber and the neuron make up the motor Unit. Muscle fibers: essentialy one muscle cell that are multinucleated. next is the Myofibril which are made up of many sarcomere. Sarcomere contains the actin and the myosin.
Antagonist is the muscle that must relax to allow the motion. Prime Mover is the muscle primarily responsible for a certain motion. The muscle in the body goes from visible to the smallest unit of contraction. It starts from the muscle group where it consist of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. Then the muscle fiber which is located where the muscles are. Then comes the myofibril that fills the cytoplasm. Last sacromere is the segment of the myofibril. Neuron is connected to spinal cord, axon extended tot he muscle. The signal is sent through axon and reaches the axon terminal. This junction is the neuromuscular. When the nerve impulses reaches the axon terminal, the neurotransmitter is released. In the sacromere, calcium is released, myosin grabs onto the actin then ATP unclocks then resets. Sacromere then changes length. Skeletal is striated muscle, involuntary. Smooth has no striations, involuntary, visceral. Cardiac is the heart, striated, involuntary. ~Period 2 Group 6
1) Types of Motion a) Flexion b) Extension c) Abduction d) Adduction e) Rotation f) Supination g) Pronation h) Dorsiflexion vs. plantar i) Circumduction
2) Prime mover vs. Antagonist a) Prime mover is the muscle that is primarily responsible for a certain motion b) Antagonist is the muscle that must relax to allow the motion c) Synergist assist the motion of the prime mover 3) muscle organization a) Sarcomere i) Smallest unit made up of actin(thin myofilament)and myosin(thick myofilament) ii) Myosin attaches/detaches with the help of calcium and ATP, respectively to the actin to shorten the sarcomere and cause contraction b) Myofibril i) Surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum ii) Composed of sarcomere c) Muscle fiber i) One muscle cell that is multinucleated ii) Muscle fiber and its motor neurons make up a motor unit (1) Send acetylcholine which is the neurotransmitter to trigger the contraction d) Muscle i) Cardiac muscle striated, involuntary and only located in the heart ii) Smooth muscle not striated, involuntary helps push down in the stomach bladder and respiratory passages iii) Skeletal muscle attached to the skeleton striated and voluntary
*Muslces of the body produce movement by pulling and not pushing *In the movement of a muscle there are always a prime mover and an antagonist and sometimes a synergist ~prime mover:the muscle primarily responsible for a certain motion ~antagonist:the muscle that must relax to allow the motion ~synergist:assist the motion of the prime mover *there are three types of muscles ~skeletal:striated, connective tissue, voluntary, provides durability, anchors muscles ~smooth:nonstriated,tapered at each end, involuntary, creates a pathway to release wastes ~cardiac:interconnected tissue,cross striations, involuntary, pumps blood into blood vessels *muscle motions are described as ~flexion ~extension ~abduction ~adduction ~rotation ~supination ~pronation ~dorsiflexion ~plantarflexion ~circumduction *The muscle has muscle fibers which contains myofibrils,which contain sarcomere. ~muscle fiber:essentially 1 muscle cell and more than 1 nucleus ~myofibrils:surrounded by membrane called the sacroplasmic reticulum and is multinuclieated ~sarcomere:made out of two parts;actin and myosin *Muscle contraction happens by an electrical signal going from the brain to the cell body through the axon until it gets to the axon terminal end, where there are acetylcholine. Then the acetylcholine is then shot across the synapse into the muscle fiber, which then makes the muscle contract. *When sarcomere causes muscular contration calcium and ATP have a big part in it. ~calcium is released to connect the myosin and the actin ~ATP unlocks and restarts the motion
Group 2 Period 2. Muscular System Summary I. Muscle movement A. Prime mover: primarily responsible for a certain motion. B. Antagonist: Muscle that must relax to allow the motion. C. Synergist: Assist the motion of a prime mover.
II. Types of muscle movement A. Flexion: Making the angle between two bones smaller. B. Extension: Making the angle between two bones smaller. C. Abduction: Moving further away from the midline. D. Abduction: Moving closer to the midline. E. Longitudinal rotation: Movement around up or down axis. F. Supination: (Only hand) rotating hand to face upward. G. Pronation: (Only hand) rotating hand to face downward. H. Plantar flexion: pointing your toes. I. Doris: Curling toward inward. J. Circumduction: Distal end of a body.
Part and moving it in a circle III. Function and structure of the muscles. A. Skeletal muscle: provides durability and conserves space. 1. Single, long, cylinarical and striped form. B. Cardiac muscle: responsible for blood flowing and pumping throughout the heart. 1. Branching chain of cells; one nucleus. C. Smooth muscle: Helps move food throughout the digest. 1. Single one nucleus. IV. Muscle Breakdown A. Muscle group B. Muscle fiber: essentially one muscle cell with more than one nucleus. C. Myofibril: Surrounded by membrane called sarcoplasmic reticulum. D. Saracamore: Smallest unit of contraction where two lines, ATP, and calcium, myosin, and actins are found. 1. Motor neuron made of dendrites, cell body, axon and synapse.
3 Types of Muscles: 1)Skeletal Muscles- voluntary, attaches to body skeleton, contracts fast, fibers look like cigars. 2)Cardiac Muscles- located in the heart, weblike, acts like a pump (pumps blood), and it is involuntary. 3)Smooth Muscles- spindle shaped, striated, found in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages. It is involuntary.
Muscle Movements: 1)Flexion- angle between two bones are shorten. 2)Extension- angle between two bones are larger. 3)Abduction- moving it further away from the midline. 4)Adduction- moving it closer to the midline. 5)Rotation(longitudinal)- movement around a longitudinal axis. 6)Supination- rotate hands up. 7)Pronation- rotate hands down. 8)Dorsiflexion- curling your toes. 9)Plantar flexion- pointing your toes. 10)Circumduction- distal end of a body part being rotated in a circle.
Muscle Organization:(largest to smallest) 1)Muscle 2)Muscle Fiber 3)Myofibril 4)Sarcomere
Motor Unit +Acetylcholine- neurotransmitter +Axon- motor unit (reaches the muscle, branches into a number of axonal terminals, each of which forms junctions +Synapse- the space between the axon terminal end and the muscle +Calcium attaches to the actin and helps the myoinheads to move +ATP provides the energy needed for your muscle to contract, it resets
12 comments:
in the muscular system muscles are organized as either the prime mover, antagonist and synergist in relation to a certain motion that is done. the prime mover is the muscle that is primarily responsible for a motion. the antagonist is the muscle that has to relax in order to allow that motion. the synergists are muscles that assist the prime mover in a certain motion. certain movements that produced are:
Extension- make the angle btwn 2 bones smaller
flexion- make the angle btwn 2 bones larger
abduction- move a part of the body (usually a limb) away from the midline
adduction- move a part of the body (usually a limb) closer to the midline
Rotation- movement around a longitudinal axis
supination-rotate face up
pronation- rotate face dwn
Dorsiflexion vs Plantarflextion- movement of ascending and descending the feet
Types of Muscles (Structure and Function)
Skeletal Muscle:
attached to a bone or skin. all over the body, surrounded by connective tissue. striated. responsible for voluntary movement
Cardiac Muscle:
found in the heart. made up on soft connective tissue. striated. involuntary muscle. pumps blood through the bloodstream
Smooth Muscle:
arranged in sheets of layers. non-straited. involuntary. found in the stomach (urinary bladder and respiratory passges). squeeze things out of the stomach into intestinal passages.
Muscle-made up of many
myofibril
Sacromere-contains actin and myosin protein
Motor unit- uses fibers to attach to nerve cell
Muscle contraction- nervous system send signal to nerve cell which goes through axon. The neurotransmitters
Acetycholine- gets released through the synapse and the trigger the mucle to contract
Sacromere- calcium helps form brideges between actin and myosin/ the pulling happens betweeen calcium and ATP
Myosin heads have to turn and pull to release. ATP helps myosin reload Distance between z line come together.
Period 1, Group 6
A muscle is a contactile tissue of the body and provides movenment. Prime mover is the muscle that is mainlyy responsible for a certain motion. Antagonist are the muscles that relax to allow a moventment. Synergist assist the motion of the prime mover. The three primary functions of the muscle system are: movement, posture/muscle tone, and heat production. The three types of muscles are smooth,cardiac and skeletal.Smooth muscles have spindle shaped cells and a single nucleaus. It is involuntary and it pushes subsances throughout the body. It is arranged in sheets/layers. Skeletal muscle fiber is soft and fragile and striated.It is voluntary and often activated by reflexes. Cardiac is made out of soft connective tissue and striated. It is involuntary, mainly in the heart, and they punp blood. Muscle tissues are made up of muscle fibers. Muscle organization goes as follows: Muscle, muscle fibers, myofibril, sarcomere, actin and myosin. Each skeletal muscle fiber is filled with with very fine and thread like material known as thin myofilaments, that create the protein myosin. Thin filiments are composed of the actin. Sarcomere is the basic function of skeletal muscle. The point of contact between nerve ending and muscle fiber is a neuromuscular junction. Nervous system send signal through nerve cells, neurotransmitter is released from end of the axon into the synapse, acetylcholine triggers neuromuscular junction to contract.
A single motor neuron is a motor unit.
*Prime mover- primarily responsible for a movement
*Antagonist- relates
*Synergist- assists prime mover
*Flexion- angle between 2 bones, smaller
*Extension- angle between 2 bones,larger
*Adbuction- away from midline
*Adduction- closer to midline
*Notation- around the longitudinal axis
*Spination- rotates face up
*Pronation- rotates down
*Dorsiflexion- toes toward face
*Plantar flexion- toes away from face
*Circumduction- make distale end of body move in circular motion
1. Muscle
2. Muscle fibers
3. Myofibril
4. Sacromere< action(thick)
myosin(thin)
Motor unit- a motor neuron and all muscle cells it supplies
Three types of Muscles:
*Cardiac Muscle- striated, involuntary, pumps blood throughout the body, contraction of the heart.
*Smooth Muscle- non -striated, involuntary, acts to propwl substances along a definate tract. located in the uterus and urethra
*Skeletal Muscle- striated, voluntary, provides strength and support the muscle as a whole, and controls every movement that you do.
3 types of muscles:
-skeletal - attach to the bone and skin, soft and fragile, voluntary and striated.
-Cariad Muscle- soft connective tissue only found in the heart; serves as a pump, pumps blood into vessels, involuntary.
-Smooth Muscle- Propels substances along a definite tract.
- Flexion of the arm (flexion makes the angle smaller)
(pulls)protangonist- bicep
(relaxes)antagonist- tricep
Organization of the muscle
-muscle group
-muscle fiber
-myofibril
-sarcomere
Sarcomere (the process of muscle contraction):
-Calcium= calcium creates a bridge between the myosin and the actin.
-ATP breaks the bond and provides it with energy which will allow it to continue the process.
-The myosin pulls on trhe actin and then ATP helps the myosin unlocked and reload.
Motor Unit
-Synapse- The gap between the muscle and the motor unit.
-Motor Unit- A motor neuron and the muscle fiber it ennervates.
The motor unit sends signals to the muscle telling it when to contract.
- The Neuromuscular Junction is the space between the axon and the muscle.
Acetylcholine- Stored in the axon; travels to the synaptic cleft.
-An abundance of Acetylcholine in the body will yield the muscles to contract more than usual and the mucles will become more fatigued.
Prime Mover- The muscle that is primarily responsible for a certain motion
Antagonist- Muscle that needs to relax to allow motion
Synergists- Assist motion of prime mover
Extention- Making angle between two bones larger
Flexion- Making angle betweene two bones smaller
Adduction- Moving closer to the midline
Abduction- Moving away from the midline
Supination- Rotate face uo
Pronation- Rotate face down
Synergist- Assist motion of prime mover
Circumduction- Make distal end of body part move in a circle
Cardiac- Involuntary, webbed and pumps blood throughout heart
Skeletal- Voluntary, Striated and pulls two things together
Smooth-Involuntary, nonstriated and sends food through the digestive tract
Muscle-->Muscle fibers(multinucleated)--> Myofibril--> Sarcomere(actin- thin filament; myosin- thick filament)
The calcium locks the myosin and actin together to form a bridge. The myosin head pulls the actin and the ATP gives the energy it needs to unlock, reload and contract.
3 types of muscle:
Cardiac muscle: Web like striated involuntary, only found inthe heart and has strong connetive tissue.
Smooth Muscle: Found in the wall of visceral organs, involuntary, arranged in sheets and layers and functions like a toothpaste tube.
Skeletal: voluntary striaded muscles attached to the bones and the skin to help move the body. linear contraction.
The muscles are able to contract witht he prime mover and an antagonist which relaxes to allow motion. there can also be a synergist which helps the prime mover maintan motion.
Types of motion
-flexion: makes the angle of two bones smaller.
-Extension: Make the angle larger.
-Abduction: movement of the body away from the midline.
-Adduction: Bring the movemnt closer to the midline
-Rotation: Movement along the longitudinal Axis. ex: neck and waist.
-Supination: Rotating upward
-Pronation: Rotating Downward (wrist)
-Dorsiflexion: Toes curl up
-Plantarflexion: Toes curl down
-Circuducion: Distal part of the body rotates.
Muscle Fiber and the neuron make up the motor Unit.
Muscle fibers: essentialy one muscle cell that are multinucleated. next is the Myofibril which are made up of many sarcomere.
Sarcomere contains the actin and the myosin.
Antagonist is the muscle that must relax to allow the motion. Prime Mover is the muscle primarily responsible for a certain motion. The muscle in the body goes from visible to the smallest unit of contraction. It starts from the muscle group where it consist of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. Then the muscle fiber which is located where the muscles are. Then comes the myofibril that fills the cytoplasm. Last sacromere is the segment of the myofibril. Neuron is connected to spinal cord, axon extended tot he muscle. The signal is sent through axon and reaches the axon terminal. This junction is the neuromuscular. When the nerve impulses reaches the axon terminal, the neurotransmitter is released. In the sacromere, calcium is released, myosin grabs onto the actin then ATP unclocks then resets. Sacromere then changes length. Skeletal is striated muscle, involuntary. Smooth has no striations, involuntary, visceral. Cardiac is the heart, striated, involuntary.
~Period 2 Group 6
Group 1
1) Types of Motion
a) Flexion
b) Extension
c) Abduction
d) Adduction
e) Rotation
f) Supination
g) Pronation
h) Dorsiflexion vs. plantar
i) Circumduction
2) Prime mover vs. Antagonist
a) Prime mover is the muscle that is primarily responsible for a certain motion
b) Antagonist is the muscle that must relax to allow the motion
c) Synergist assist the motion of the prime mover
3) muscle organization
a) Sarcomere
i) Smallest unit made up of actin(thin myofilament)and myosin(thick myofilament)
ii) Myosin attaches/detaches with the help of calcium and ATP, respectively to the actin to shorten the sarcomere and cause contraction
b) Myofibril
i) Surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum
ii) Composed of sarcomere
c) Muscle fiber
i) One muscle cell that is multinucleated
ii) Muscle fiber and its motor neurons make up a motor unit
(1) Send acetylcholine which is the neurotransmitter to trigger the contraction
d) Muscle
i) Cardiac muscle striated, involuntary and only located in the heart
ii) Smooth muscle not striated, involuntary helps push down in the stomach bladder and respiratory passages
iii) Skeletal muscle attached to the skeleton striated and voluntary
*Muslces of the body produce movement by pulling and not pushing
*In the movement of a muscle there are always a prime mover and an antagonist and sometimes a synergist
~prime mover:the muscle primarily responsible for a certain motion
~antagonist:the muscle that must relax to allow the motion
~synergist:assist the motion of the prime mover
*there are three types of muscles
~skeletal:striated, connective tissue, voluntary, provides durability, anchors muscles
~smooth:nonstriated,tapered at each end, involuntary, creates a pathway to release wastes
~cardiac:interconnected tissue,cross striations, involuntary, pumps blood into blood vessels
*muscle motions are described as
~flexion
~extension
~abduction
~adduction
~rotation
~supination
~pronation
~dorsiflexion
~plantarflexion
~circumduction
*The muscle has muscle fibers which contains myofibrils,which contain sarcomere.
~muscle fiber:essentially 1 muscle cell and more than 1 nucleus
~myofibrils:surrounded by membrane called the sacroplasmic reticulum and is multinuclieated
~sarcomere:made out of two parts;actin and myosin
*Muscle contraction happens by an electrical signal going from the brain to the cell body through the axon until it gets to the axon terminal end, where there are acetylcholine. Then the acetylcholine is then shot across the synapse into the muscle fiber, which then makes the muscle contract.
*When sarcomere causes muscular contration calcium and ATP have a big part in it.
~calcium is released to connect the myosin and the actin
~ATP unlocks and restarts the motion
GROUP 4
Group 2
Period 2.
Muscular System Summary
I. Muscle movement
A. Prime mover: primarily responsible for a certain motion.
B. Antagonist: Muscle that must relax to allow the motion.
C. Synergist: Assist the motion of a prime mover.
II. Types of muscle movement
A. Flexion: Making the angle between two bones smaller.
B. Extension: Making the angle between two bones smaller.
C. Abduction: Moving further away from the midline.
D. Abduction: Moving closer to the midline.
E. Longitudinal rotation: Movement around up or down axis.
F. Supination: (Only hand) rotating hand to face upward.
G. Pronation: (Only hand) rotating hand to face downward.
H. Plantar flexion: pointing your toes.
I. Doris: Curling toward inward.
J. Circumduction: Distal end of a body.
Part and moving it in a circle
III. Function and structure of the muscles.
A. Skeletal muscle: provides durability and conserves space.
1. Single, long, cylinarical and striped form.
B. Cardiac muscle: responsible for blood flowing and pumping throughout the heart.
1. Branching chain of cells; one nucleus.
C. Smooth muscle: Helps move food throughout the digest.
1. Single one nucleus.
IV. Muscle Breakdown
A. Muscle group
B. Muscle fiber: essentially one muscle cell with more than one nucleus.
C. Myofibril: Surrounded by membrane called sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D. Saracamore: Smallest unit of contraction where two lines, ATP, and calcium, myosin, and actins are found.
1. Motor neuron made of dendrites, cell body, axon and synapse.
abduction : moving away from the midline.
adduction : moving closer to the midline.
supination : turning hands upward
pronation : turning hands backward.
rotation : movement around the axis of the spine .
surcumduction : taking the distal end of the a body part and moving it in a circle .
plantaflection : pointing feet down .
dorsfection : curling toes upward and in .
prime movers - the muscle primarly responsible for a certain motion .
antagonist - the muscle that must relax to allow the motion .
muscle
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muscle fiber
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myofibril
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sarcomere
Muscle Tissues
cardiac muscles: found in the heart , involuntary , striated
skeletal muscle: long , voluntary , help make smooth motion , cigar shaped , striated.
smooth muscle : slow contractions , found in digestive system , involuntary
* in order for the muscle to contract , in the sacomere , calcium is released and helps the myosin head latch on to the actin
ATP helps push and pull so the muscle can contract
message is sent from the brain to the cell body down the axon to the axon terminal end where acetycholine transmitted it to the muscle fiber .
group 3 ; period 2 .
kayla , sandri , jean , peter , sasha .
3 Types of Muscles:
1)Skeletal Muscles- voluntary, attaches to body skeleton, contracts fast, fibers look like cigars.
2)Cardiac Muscles- located in the heart, weblike, acts like a pump (pumps blood), and it is involuntary.
3)Smooth Muscles- spindle shaped, striated, found in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages. It is involuntary.
Muscle Movements:
1)Flexion- angle between two bones are shorten.
2)Extension- angle between two bones are larger.
3)Abduction- moving it further away from the midline.
4)Adduction- moving it closer to the midline.
5)Rotation(longitudinal)- movement around a longitudinal axis.
6)Supination- rotate hands up.
7)Pronation- rotate hands down.
8)Dorsiflexion- curling your toes.
9)Plantar flexion- pointing your toes.
10)Circumduction- distal end of a body part being rotated in a circle.
Muscle Organization:(largest to smallest)
1)Muscle
2)Muscle Fiber
3)Myofibril
4)Sarcomere
Motor Unit
+Acetylcholine- neurotransmitter
+Axon- motor unit (reaches the muscle, branches into a number of axonal terminals, each of which forms junctions
+Synapse- the space between the axon terminal end and the muscle
+Calcium attaches to the actin and helps the myoinheads to move
+ATP provides the energy needed for your muscle to contract, it resets
Group 5 Period 2
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